Human Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory system continues
LUNGS The lungs are a pair of large, spongy organs found in the thorax lateral to the heart and superior to the diaphragm. Each lung is surrounded by a pleural membrane that provides the lung with space to expand. The left and right lungs are slightly different in size and shape due to the heart pointing to the left …
Endocrine system
Introduction
4. Physiology of muscle contraction
The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction: This theory was proposed by A.F Huxley and H.E Huxley in 1950s. according to this theory the muscle contraction caused due to the formation of cross-bridges in the overlap region. The length of the sarcomere shortened by the movement of cross-bridges which causes one filament to slide …
3. Structure of myofiber
Structure of myofiber: These are the indivisual cells of muscle which are covered by endomysium and they are multinucleated. The plasma membrane is called sarcolemma. The cytoplasm is called sarcoplasm Each muscle fiber contains 1000s of cylindrical structures known as myofibrils which are contractile elements of cell. In between these myofibrils mitochondrias are seen . …
2. Types of skeletal muscle
Functions of skeletal muscles:• Body movement(locomotion)• Maintenance of body posture• Respiration (diaphragm and intercostals muscle contraction)• Communication (verbal or facial)• Production of heat (thermogenesis)Types of body movementAdduction- moving a body part towards midlineAbduction- moving a body part away from midlineFlexion- bending a joint to decease the angle between bonesExtension- stretching a joint to increase the …
1. Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscleIntroduction: muscle is a contractile tissue which behaves like the body’s engine means it produce heat after consumption of energy and then contract. There are mainly 3 types of muscles are found. They are Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle Skeletal muscle: The skeletal muscle form larger ass (over 40 % of body weight) …
3. MUSCLE OF NECK AND LOWER LIMB
The gluteal region is an anatomical area located posteriorly to the pelvic girdle, at the proximal end of the femur. The muscles in this region move the lower limb at the hip joint.The superficial muscles in the gluteal region consist of the three glutei and the tensor fascia lata.Gluteus MaximusThe gluteus maximus is the largest …
2. MUSCLE OF THORAX AND UPPER LIMB
Muscle of thorax and upper limb• The thoracic wall is made up of five muscles: the external intercostal muscles, internal intercostal muscles, innermost intercostal muscles, subcostalis, and transversus thoracis.• These muscles are primarily responsible for changing the volume of the thoracic cavity during respiration.• Other muscles that do not make up the thoracic wall, but …